diff --git a/src/frontend-vue/e2e/50-2fa.spec.ts b/src/frontend-vue/e2e/50-2fa.spec.ts
index 17255bce..6e45a490 100644
--- a/src/frontend-vue/e2e/50-2fa.spec.ts
+++ b/src/frontend-vue/e2e/50-2fa.spec.ts
@@ -27,6 +27,9 @@ const TEST_PASSWORD = 'TestPass1234!'
 
 const SUFFIX = uniqueSuffix()
 const userName = `totp-${SUFFIX}`
+// A user signs in with the e-mail address: the account's user name is the address, the
+// acronym is only a display handle.
+const email = `${userName}@modgud.test`
 
 test.describe.configure({ mode: 'serial' })
 
@@ -39,7 +42,7 @@ test.beforeAll(async ({ request }) => {
   const created = await (await request.post('/api/user', {
     data: {
       Firstname: 'Totp', Lastname: 'User', Acronym: userName,
-      Email: `${userName}@modgud.test`,
+      Email: email,
     },
   })).json()
   const passRes = await request.put(`/api/user/${created.Id}/password`, {
@@ -49,9 +52,43 @@ test.beforeAll(async ({ request }) => {
   await request.post('/api/account/logout')
 })
 
+test('§3 the setup dialog draws the QR code itself', async ({ page, baseURL }) => {
+  // The QR code carries the TOTP secret, so the page has to draw it itself: an image from a
+  // QR service would hand the secret to that service, and the production CSP
+  // (`img-src 'self' data:`) refuses such an image anyway — a broken picture in the dialog.
+  // The specs below talk to the API only; this one opens the dialog.
+  await apiLogin(page, email, TEST_PASSWORD)
+
+  const origin = new URL(baseURL!).origin
+  const foreignRequests: string[] = []
+  const cspViolations: string[] = []
+  page.on('request', (r) => {
+    const url = new URL(r.url())
+    if (url.protocol.startsWith('http') && url.origin !== origin) foreignRequests.push(r.url())
+  })
+  page.on('console', (m) => {
+    if (m.type() === 'error' && /Content Security Policy/i.test(m.text())) cspViolations.push(m.text())
+  })
+
+  await page.goto('/profile')
+  await page.getByRole('menuitem', { name: /Sicherheit|Security/i }).click()
+  const setupResponse = page.waitForResponse((r) => r.url().endsWith('/api/account/mfa/setup'))
+  await page.getByRole('button', { name: /MFA einrichten|Set up MFA/i }).click()
+  expect((await setupResponse).ok()).toBeTruthy()
+
+  // Drawn in the page: an <svg> with the modules as one path, not an image from elsewhere.
+  const qr = page.locator('svg[role="img"][aria-label="QR Code"]')
+  await expect(qr).toBeVisible()
+  const modules = await qr.locator('path').getAttribute('d')
+  expect(modules?.length ?? 0).toBeGreaterThan(1000)
+
+  expect(foreignRequests).toEqual([])
+  expect(cspViolations).toEqual([])
+})
+
 test('§3 TOTP setup + sign-in with code', async ({ page, request }) => {
   // Authenticate the user (cookie via page.request).
-  await apiLogin(page, userName, TEST_PASSWORD)
+  await apiLogin(page, email, TEST_PASSWORD)
 
   // Step 1: Request authenticator setup. Backend resets the key + returns
   // the otpauth:// URI for the QR plus the human-format `SharedKey`.
@@ -79,7 +116,7 @@ test('§3 TOTP setup + sign-in with code', async ({ page, request }) => {
   await page.request.post('/api/account/logout')
 
   const firstLogin = await request.post('/api/account/login', {
-    data: { UserName: userName, Password: TEST_PASSWORD, RememberMe: false },
+    data: { UserName: email, Password: TEST_PASSWORD, RememberMe: false },
   })
   expect(firstLogin.ok()).toBeTruthy()
   const firstBody = await firstLogin.json()
@@ -98,7 +135,7 @@ test('§3 TOTP setup + sign-in with code', async ({ page, request }) => {
   // Step 5: /me on the same request context now returns the user — full
   // sign-in completed.
   const me = await (await request.get('/api/account/me')).json()
-  expect(me.UserName).toBe(userName)
+  expect(me.UserName).toBe(email)
   expect(me.Has2FA).toBe(true)
   expect(me.TwoFactorMethods).toContain('totp')
 })
@@ -106,7 +143,7 @@ test('§3 TOTP setup + sign-in with code', async ({ page, request }) => {
 test('§3 invalid TOTP on second-factor login is rejected', async ({ request }) => {
   // The previous test enabled TOTP. Try a wrong code on a fresh login.
   const passRes = await request.post('/api/account/login', {
-    data: { UserName: userName, Password: TEST_PASSWORD, RememberMe: false },
+    data: { UserName: email, Password: TEST_PASSWORD, RememberMe: false },
   })
   expect(passRes.ok()).toBeTruthy()
   expect((await passRes.json()).RequiresMfa).toBe(true)
diff --git a/src/frontend-vue/package.json b/src/frontend-vue/package.json
index 2443538d..f21aeaf3 100644
--- a/src/frontend-vue/package.json
+++ b/src/frontend-vue/package.json
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
     "@fontsource-variable/instrument-sans": "5.2.8",
     "monaco-editor": "^0.55.1",
     "pinia": "^3.0.4",
+    "uqr": "0.1.3",
     "vue": "^3.5.43",
     "vue-router": "^5.1.0"
   },
diff --git a/src/frontend-vue/pnpm-lock.yaml b/src/frontend-vue/pnpm-lock.yaml
index dc503b7a..3a48f056 100644
--- a/src/frontend-vue/pnpm-lock.yaml
+++ b/src/frontend-vue/pnpm-lock.yaml
@@ -48,6 +48,9 @@ importers:
       pinia:
         specifier: ^3.0.4
         version: 3.0.4(typescript@6.0.3)(vue@3.5.43(typescript@6.0.3))
+      uqr:
+        specifier: 0.1.3
+        version: 0.1.3
       vue:
         specifier: ^3.5.43
         version: 3.5.43(typescript@6.0.3)
@@ -980,6 +983,9 @@ packages:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-0Mqk3AT2TZCXWKdcoaufeXNukv2mTrEZExeXlHIOZXdqYoHHr4n51pymnwV8x2BOVxwXbK2HLlI7usrqMpycdg==}
     engines: {node: ^20.19.0 || >=22.12.0}
 
+  uqr@0.1.3:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-0rjE8iEJe4YmT9TOhwsZtqCMRLc5DXZUI2UEYUUg63ikBkqqE5EYWaI0etFe/5KUcmcYwLih2RND1kq+hrUJXA==}
+
   url-parse@1.5.10:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-WypcfiRhfeUP9vvF0j6rw0J3hrWrw6iZv3+22h6iRMJ/8z1Tj6XfLP4DsUix5MhMPnXpiHDoKyoZ/bdCkwBCiQ==}
 
@@ -1967,6 +1973,8 @@ snapshots:
       picomatch: 4.0.4
       webpack-virtual-modules: 0.6.2
 
+  uqr@0.1.3: {}
+
   url-parse@1.5.10:
     dependencies:
       querystringify: 2.2.0
diff --git a/src/frontend-vue/src/components/QrCode.vue b/src/frontend-vue/src/components/QrCode.vue
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..651e5684
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/frontend-vue/src/components/QrCode.vue
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+<script setup lang="ts">
+// A QR code drawn in the browser. What it encodes never leaves the page: the authenticator
+// setup puts the TOTP secret in here, so the code must not be fetched as an image from a
+// QR service — and the CSP (`img-src 'self' data:`) would refuse that image anyway.
+import { computed } from 'vue'
+import { encode } from 'uqr'
+
+const props = withDefaults(defineProps<{
+  value: string
+  /** Edge length in CSS pixels. */
+  size?: number
+  label?: string
+}>(), {
+  size: 200,
+  label: 'QR Code',
+})
+
+// Four modules of quiet zone, as the QR specification asks for — scanners need it to find
+// the code when the page behind it is dark.
+const qr = computed(() => encode(props.value, { ecc: 'M', border: 4 }))
+
+const path = computed(() => {
+  const { data, size } = qr.value
+  let d = ''
+  for (let row = 0; row < size; row++) {
+    for (let col = 0; col < size; col++) {
+      if (data[row]?.[col]) d += `M${col},${row}h1v1h-1z`
+    }
+  }
+  return d
+})
+</script>
+
+<template>
+  <!-- Always dark on white, in dark mode too: an inverted code is not readable by every scanner. -->
+  <svg
+    xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
+    :viewBox="`0 0 ${qr.size} ${qr.size}`"
+    :width="size"
+    :height="size"
+    shape-rendering="crispEdges"
+    role="img"
+    :aria-label="label">
+    <rect :width="qr.size" :height="qr.size" fill="#fff" />
+    <path :d="path" fill="#000" />
+  </svg>
+</template>
diff --git a/src/frontend-vue/src/views/auth/MfaSetupModal.vue b/src/frontend-vue/src/views/auth/MfaSetupModal.vue
index 928c2e2f..2a564bd4 100644
--- a/src/frontend-vue/src/views/auth/MfaSetupModal.vue
+++ b/src/frontend-vue/src/views/auth/MfaSetupModal.vue
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import { computed, ref, onMounted } from 'vue'
 import { useHttpClient } from '@/composables/useHttpClient'
 import { useI18n } from '@cocoar/vue-localization'
 import ModalLayout from '@/components/ModalLayout.vue'
+import QrCode from '@/components/QrCode.vue'
 import {
   CoarNotice,
   CoarOtpInput,
@@ -79,13 +80,7 @@ async function verifyCode() {
 
         <!-- QR Code -->
         <div class="flex justify-center py-4">
-          <img
-            :src="`https://api.qrserver.com/v1/create-qr-code/?size=200x200&data=${encodeURIComponent(authenticatorUri)}`"
-            alt="QR Code"
-            width="200"
-            height="200"
-            class="rounded border"
-          />
+          <QrCode v-if="authenticatorUri" :value="authenticatorUri" class="rounded border" />
         </div>
 
         <!-- Shared Key -->
diff --git a/src/frontend-vue/src/views/auth/SecureSetupModal.vue b/src/frontend-vue/src/views/auth/SecureSetupModal.vue
index 72c15412..c54d2384 100644
--- a/src/frontend-vue/src/views/auth/SecureSetupModal.vue
+++ b/src/frontend-vue/src/views/auth/SecureSetupModal.vue
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import { computed, ref } from 'vue'
 import { useHttpClient } from '@/composables/useHttpClient'
 import { useAuthStore } from '@/stores/auth.store'
 import { useI18n } from '@cocoar/vue-localization'
+import QrCode from '@/components/QrCode.vue'
 import {
   CoarNotice,
   CoarCard,
@@ -167,7 +168,7 @@ function bufferToBase64Url(b: ArrayBuffer): string {
           <p class="text-sm text-surface-600">{{ t('auth.secureSetup.totpScanQr', {}, 'Scan this QR code with your authenticator app (Google Authenticator, Authy, etc.).') }}</p>
 
           <div class="flex justify-center">
-            <img :src="`https://api.qrserver.com/v1/create-qr-code/?size=200x200&data=${encodeURIComponent(totpAuthUri)}`" alt="QR Code" class="rounded" />
+            <QrCode v-if="totpAuthUri" :value="totpAuthUri" class="rounded" />
           </div>
 
           <details class="text-xs text-surface-500">