feat(dynamic_programming): add house robber algorithm

dynamic_programming/house_robber.py

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+
+
+def house_robber(nums: list[int]) -> int:
+    """
+    LeetCode No.198: House Robber
+    Given a list of non-negative integers representing the amount of money in each
+    house, determine the maximum amount you can rob tonight without alerting the police.
+    You cannot rob two adjacent houses.
+
+    Args:
+        nums: list of non-negative integers representing money in each house
+
+    Returns:
+        Maximum amount of money that can be robbed
+
+    Raises:
+        AssertionError: nums is not a list of non-negative integers
+
+    Examples:
+        >>> house_robber([1, 2, 3, 1])
+        4
+        >>> house_robber([2, 7, 9, 3, 1])
+        12
+        >>> house_robber([0])
+        0
+        >>> house_robber([])
+        0
+        >>> house_robber([5])
+        5
+        >>> house_robber([-1, 2])  # doctest: +ELLIPSIS
+        Traceback (most recent call last):
+            ...
+        AssertionError: nums must contain only non-negative integers, got -1
+    """
+    assert isinstance(nums, list), "nums must be a list"
+    for num in nums:
+        assert isinstance(num, int) and num >= 0, (
+            f"nums must contain only non-negative integers, got {num}"
+        )
+
+    if not nums:
+        return 0
+    if len(nums) == 1:
+        return nums[0]
+
+    prev_prev = 0  # max profit up to i-2
+    prev = nums[0]  # max profit up to i-1
+
+    for i in range(1, len(nums)):
+        current = max(prev, prev_prev + nums[i])
+        prev_prev = prev
+        prev = current
+
+    return prev
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    import doctest
+
+    doctest.testmod()