feat: add intentional crash API

[jpnurmi]

Adds sentry_crash() to deliberately crash the current process, allowing downstream SDKs and users to verify native crash reporting without bundling a custom crash library. It is promoted from the example and preserves the existing ASan and AIX handling.

Because this API intentionally contains code that crashes, there is a risk that static analysis tools will report it as a defect. This may cause analysis failures in downstream projects that include sentry-native in their source tree and in static analysis.

To reduce that risk, #2014 added CI builds using GCC -fanalyzer, MSVC /analyze, and Cppcheck. These checks increase confidence for the analyzers we run, but we cannot practically cover every commercial or downstream analyzer, such as Coverity, SonarQube, and others. Analyzer-specific findings therefore remain possible, although their impact should generally be manageable because these tools typically support excluding, ignoring, or suppressing individual findings.

Close: #913

[github-actions]

	Messages
📖	Do not forget to update Sentry-docs with your feature once the pull request gets approved.

Generated by 🚫 dangerJS against 23d6d60

[codecov]

Codecov Report

❌ Patch coverage is 50.00000% with 4 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.
✅ Project coverage is 74.30%. Comparing base (bb7666a) to head (23d6d60).

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##           master    #2013      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   74.17%   74.30%   +0.13%     
==========================================
  Files         104      104              
  Lines       26619    26627       +8     
  Branches     4844     4844              
==========================================
+ Hits        19744    19786      +42     
+ Misses       5532     5492      -40     
- Partials     1343     1349       +6     

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