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[CUDA] Add cuDNN-free ArgMax/ArgMin/ReduceSum and fix LogSoftmax on plugin EP - #29620

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Tianlei Wu (tianleiwu) merged 9 commits into
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tlwu/20260708/optional_cudnn_ops
Jul 16, 2026
Merged

Tianlei Wu (tianleiwu) merged 9 commits into
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tlwu/20260708/optional_cudnn_ops

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Summary

Phase 2 of the CUDA plugin execution provider "no-cuDNN" work. It lets single last-axis ArgMax/ArgMin run through a small custom CUDA kernel instead of cuDNN, fixes LogSoftmax classification in the plugin adapter, and adds a non-throwing cuDNN handle accessor so reduction kernels can fall back gracefully when cuDNN is disabled.

Key Changes

Area Change
reduction_functions.cu / .h New arg_min_max_last_axis<TIn, IsArgMax> kernel (instantiated for half, float, double) that computes ArgMax/ArgMin indices over the last dimension of a row-major matrix without cuDNN.
reduction_ops.cc In ReduceComputeCore, route a single last-axis ArgMax/ArgMin (CUDNN_REDUCE_TENSOR_FLATTENED_INDICES) to the custom kernel when shapes fit int; otherwise fall through to the existing cuDNN path. ReduceKernel::ComputeImpl now uses TryGetCudnnHandle.
cuda_kernel.h (native) / cuda_kernel_adapter.h (plugin) Add TryGetCudnnHandle, which returns the cuDNN handle when available and nullptr otherwise (instead of throwing at handle acquisition).
softmax.h Detect LogSoftmax from node.OpType() instead of info.GetKernelDef().OpName(), so the plugin EP adapter classifies it correctly.
test_cuda_plugin_ep.py Add LogSoftmax and ArgMin tests; drop the @requires_cudnn gate from ArgMax, ReduceMean, ReduceSum; reduce over the last axis to exercise the cuDNN-free paths.
docs/cuda_plugin_ep/QUICK_START.md Drop ArgMax and reductions from the list of ops that still require cuDNN.

Correctness Notes

  • select_last_index == 1 is already rejected on the CUDA EP, so the kernel keeping the first matching index (strict > / <) is spec-correct for the supported case.
  • The custom path guards n > 0, returns early for m == 0, computes the row offset in int64_t, and only engages when m and n fit in int (gsl::narrow_cast); larger tensors fall back to cuDNN.

Testing

  • python -m pytest onnxruntime/test/python/transformers/test_cuda_plugin_ep.py -k "log_softmax or argmax or argmin or reduce_mean or reduce_sum"
  • Plugin no-cuDNN validation: bash .env/cuda_130_plugin_no_cudnn.sh --build --test_plugin
  • onnxruntime_provider_test --gtest_filter='*Reduce*:*ArgM*'

Phase 2 of the CUDA plugin EP no-cuDNN work.

- Add a custom arg_min_max_last_axis CUDA kernel and route single last-axis
  ArgMax/ArgMin through it in ReduceComputeCore, so these ops no longer require
  a cuDNN handle. select_last_index==1 is already rejected on CUDA, so keeping
  the first matching index is correct.
- Add TryGetCudnnHandle (native and plugin adapter) that returns the cuDNN
  handle when available and nullptr otherwise, and use it in the reduction
  kernel so unsupported cuDNN paths degrade instead of throwing during handle
  acquisition.
- Detect LogSoftmax from node.OpType() instead of the KernelDef op name so the
  plugin EP adapter classifies it correctly.
- Enable and extend plugin EP tests: LogSoftmax and ArgMin coverage, drop the
  requires_cudnn gate from ArgMax/ReduceMean/ReduceSum, and reduce over the last
  axis to exercise the cuDNN-free paths.

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Pull request overview

This PR is phase 2 of the CUDA Plugin EP “no-cuDNN” effort: it adds a cuDNN-free last-axis ArgMax/ArgMin path, fixes LogSoftmax detection for the plugin adapter, and introduces a non-throwing cuDNN handle accessor so kernels can run/fall back when cuDNN is disabled.

Changes:

  • Added a custom CUDA kernel (arg_min_max_last_axis) for last-axis ArgMax/ArgMin indices (half/float/double) and routed eligible cases to it.
  • Switched reduction kernels to use TryGetCudnnHandle (nullable) instead of throwing at handle acquisition, and fixed LogSoftmax classification using node.OpType().
  • Expanded CUDA plugin EP Python tests (LogSoftmax, ArgMin) and adjusted reduction tests to exercise last-axis non-cuDNN paths; updated plugin quick-start docs accordingly.

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 8 out of 8 changed files in this pull request and generated 2 comments.

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File Description
onnxruntime/test/python/transformers/test_cuda_plugin_ep.py Adds LogSoftmax/ArgMin tests and updates ArgMax/Reduce* tests to run without cuDNN and exercise last-axis paths.
onnxruntime/core/providers/cuda/reduction/reduction_ops.cc Routes last-axis ArgMax/ArgMin to the new kernel and switches reduction execution to use TryGetCudnnHandle.
onnxruntime/core/providers/cuda/reduction/reduction_functions.h Declares the new last-axis ArgMin/ArgMax helper.
onnxruntime/core/providers/cuda/reduction/reduction_functions.cu Implements and instantiates the cuDNN-free last-axis ArgMin/ArgMax kernel.
onnxruntime/core/providers/cuda/plugin/cuda_kernel_adapter.h Adds TryGetCudnnHandle for the plugin adapter.
onnxruntime/core/providers/cuda/math/softmax.h Fixes LogSoftmax detection using node.OpType() for correct plugin classification.
onnxruntime/core/providers/cuda/cuda_kernel.h Adds TryGetCudnnHandle (nullable) to native CUDA kernels.
docs/cuda_plugin_ep/QUICK_START.md Updates the list of ops requiring cuDNN for plugin no-cuDNN validation.

Comment thread onnxruntime/core/providers/cuda/plugin/cuda_kernel_adapter.h
Comment thread onnxruntime/core/providers/cuda/reduction/reduction_functions.cu
Expand the Linux no-cuDNN CUDA EP smoke test from a single Add to also run LogSoftmax, ReduceMean, ReduceSum, ArgMax and ArgMin over the last axis with enable_cudnn=0, verifying the phase-2 cuDNN-free op paths execute on the regular CUDA EP. The Windows plugin no-cuDNN CI already exercises these ops via test_cuda_plugin_ep.py.
…in_max helper

- TryGetCudnnHandle now treats a cudnnSetStream failure as "no handle" and returns nullptr (via non-throwing CUDNN_CALL) instead of throwing through CUDNN_CALL_THROW, so callers can fall back to a cuDNN-free path.
- arg_min_max_last_axis guards n <= 0 in addition to m == 0, keeping the helper safe against out-of-bounds reads if reused without the caller's n > 0 check.

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Pull request overview

Copilot reviewed 9 out of 9 changed files in this pull request and generated 1 comment.

Comment thread onnxruntime/core/providers/cuda/plugin/cuda_kernel_adapter.h
@tianleiwu
Tianlei Wu (tianleiwu) marked this pull request as ready for review July 8, 2026 22:06
@tianleiwu Tianlei Wu (tianleiwu) changed the title [CUDA] Add cuDNN-free ArgMax/ArgMin and fix LogSoftmax on plugin EP [CUDA] Add cuDNN-free ArgMax/ArgMin/ReduceSum and fix LogSoftmax on plugin EP Jul 9, 2026
The manylinux build image sets USER onnxruntimedev (uid 1001), so the
disposable smoke-test container ran as non-root. The new cuDNN-removal
step deletes system libcudnn*.so under /usr/lib64 and rebuilds the
dynamic linker cache with ldconfig, both of which require root, causing
'ldconfig: Can't create temporary cache file /etc/ld.so.cache~:
Permission denied' and aborting under set -e. Run this throwaway
container with --user root so the removal and ldconfig succeed.
@tianleiwu
Tianlei Wu (tianleiwu) enabled auto-merge (squash) July 13, 2026 16:18
@tianleiwu

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@microsoft-github-policy-service rerun

@tianleiwu
Tianlei Wu (tianleiwu) merged commit fea45a3 into main Jul 16, 2026
92 of 97 checks passed
@tianleiwu
Tianlei Wu (tianleiwu) deleted the tlwu/20260708/optional_cudnn_ops branch July 16, 2026 19:07
Tianlei Wu (tianleiwu) added a commit that referenced this pull request Jul 18, 2026
This cherry-picks the following commits for the release:

| Commit ID | PR Number | Commit Title |
|-----------|-----------|-------------|
| dd32f35 | #29590 | Fix libcudart.so.13 hard dependency in pybind
module breaking import on CPU-only Linux |
| cc44a4d | #29706 | [CUDA] Fix XQA GroupQueryAttention
cudaErrorInvalidValue on Blackwell (sm_120) |
| 23a7e9d | #29705 | [CUDA] Do not link nvrtc |
| ee93f83 | #29711 | [CUDA] Update cuda arch list for packages of
cuda 12.8 |
| fea45a3 | #29620 | [CUDA] Add cuDNN-free ArgMax/ArgMin/ReduceSum
and fix LogSoftmax on plugin EP |
| f05b218 | #29624 | Enable Spectre-mitigated MSVC libs for BinSkim
builds |
| 1c89b86 | #29687 | [BUILD] CUDA_QUANT_PREPROCESS off by default and
Adjust CI |
| 41bd391 | #29658 | [CUDA] Fix null allocator passed to plugin EP
kernel PrePack |
| 405fbea | #28896 | Add Windows ARM64 CUDA plugin package and align
CUDA metadata/artifact naming |
| 308f24c | #29622 | Enable fpA_intB GEMM in CUDA builds and add
configurable options |
| 16ebc1d | #29731 | [Build] Use GPU pool to unblock CI temporarily |
|5911a3a263| #29748 | Add OrtErrorCode::ORT_DEVICE_RESET |
|6217f73ec5 | #29663 | Fix plugin EP allocator deleter lifetime |

---------

Co-authored-by: Copilot <198982749+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: GitHub Copilot <copilot@example.com>
Co-authored-by: Edward Chen <18449977+edgchen1@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Yen-Shi Wang <yenshiw@nvidia.com>
Kristoffer-Andre Kalliainen (181192) pushed a commit to 181192/brasscribe that referenced this pull request Sep 30, 2026
Updated [AlphaSkia.Native.Linux](https://github.com/CoderLine/alphaSkia)
from 3.4.135 to 3.5.147.

<details>
<summary>Release notes</summary>

_Sourced from [AlphaSkia.Native.Linux's
releases](https://github.com/CoderLine/alphaSkia/releases)._

## 3.5.147

## What's Changed
* chore(deps): update skia and update patches by @​Danielku15 in
CoderLine/alphaSkia#69


**Full Changelog**:
CoderLine/alphaSkia@v3.4.135...v3.5.147

Commits viewable in [compare
view](CoderLine/alphaSkia@v3.4.135...v3.5.147).
</details>

Updated [AlphaSkia.Native.MacOs](https://github.com/CoderLine/alphaSkia)
from 3.4.135 to 3.5.147.

<details>
<summary>Release notes</summary>

_Sourced from [AlphaSkia.Native.MacOs's
releases](https://github.com/CoderLine/alphaSkia/releases)._

## 3.5.147

## What's Changed
* chore(deps): update skia and update patches by @​Danielku15 in
CoderLine/alphaSkia#69


**Full Changelog**:
CoderLine/alphaSkia@v3.4.135...v3.5.147

Commits viewable in [compare
view](CoderLine/alphaSkia@v3.4.135...v3.5.147).
</details>

Updated
[Microsoft.ML.OnnxRuntime](https://github.com/Microsoft/onnxruntime)
from 1.24.4 to 1.30.0.

<details>
<summary>Release notes</summary>

_Sourced from [Microsoft.ML.OnnxRuntime's
releases](https://github.com/Microsoft/onnxruntime/releases)._

## 1.30.0

ONNX Runtime 1.30.0 expands generative AI inference, improves CPU and
GPU performance, adds Go bindings, and strengthens runtime reliability.
These notes cover changes since ONNX Runtime 1.29.1.

## Highlights

- Expanded CUDA inference support with variable-length causal
convolution for continuous batching, speculative decoding in paged XQA,
and INT4 paged KV caches with per-channel scales
([#​32168](microsoft/onnxruntime#32168),
[#​32340](microsoft/onnxruntime#32340),
[#​32515](microsoft/onnxruntime#32515)).
- Improved WebGPU PagedAttention, added GPT-OSS support and INT8
KV-cache block quantization, and extended convolution optimizations
([#​31727](microsoft/onnxruntime#31727),
[#​32277](microsoft/onnxruntime#32277),
[#​32284](microsoft/onnxruntime#32284),
[#​32420](microsoft/onnxruntime#32420)).
- Added fused CPU LinearAttention kernels for AVX-512, Arm64 NEON, and
SVE, plus AVX2 LayerNorm/RMSNorm acceleration
([#​31674](microsoft/onnxruntime#31674),
[#​31973](microsoft/onnxruntime#31973),
[#​32178](microsoft/onnxruntime#32178),
[#​32356](microsoft/onnxruntime#32356)).
- Added Go bindings for the ONNX Runtime C API and DeepSeek Engram
contrib operators
([#​29615](microsoft/onnxruntime#29615),
[#​32268](microsoft/onnxruntime#32268)).

## Announcements & Compatibility

- FP4 QMoE kernels are now enabled by default in CUDA builds, with
Windows build support added in this release. Source builds can opt out
with `-Donnxruntime_USE_FP4_QMOE=OFF`
([#​32096](microsoft/onnxruntime#32096),
[#​32163](microsoft/onnxruntime#32163)).
- CUDA fpA-intB builds now default to a compact kernel set for FP16
activations, INT4/INT8 weights, scale-only quantization, and
`block_size=32`. Set `-Donnxruntime_USE_FPA_INTB_GEMM_FULL=ON` when
building from source to retain the full kernel set, including BF16,
zero-point, bias, larger-block-size, and native Hopper variants
([#​32324](microsoft/onnxruntime#32324)).
- CPU FP16 `Gemm` and `MatMul` execution is gated on hardware
acceleration. CPU-assigned FP16 nodes without a matching kernel now fall
back to FP32
([#​32301](microsoft/onnxruntime#32301),
[#​32197](microsoft/onnxruntime#32197)).
- WebGPU plugin EP packaging now supports Linux AArch64. Plugin versions
were advanced to WebGPU 0.4.0 and CUDA 0.2
([#​32287](microsoft/onnxruntime#32287),
[#​31960](microsoft/onnxruntime#31960),
[#​31970](microsoft/onnxruntime#31970)).

## Security & Reliability

### Model Loading, Memory, and Input Validation

- Limited nested model-graph depth and canonicalized external-data
locations to harden model loading
([#​32344](microsoft/onnxruntime#32344),
[#​32135](microsoft/onnxruntime#32135)).
- Added checked rounding for BFC arena allocations and fixed
prepacked-weight reference lifetimes
([#​32010](microsoft/onnxruntime#32010),
[#​32040](microsoft/onnxruntime#32040)).
- Strengthened shape, rank, and parameter validation for `Split`,
`Scan`, `GatherND`, `ScatterND`, `SpaceToDepth`/`DepthToSpace`, `Crop`,
`Conv`, `Normalizer`, and pooling
([#​29461](microsoft/onnxruntime#29461),
[#​31668](microsoft/onnxruntime#31668),
[#​32034](microsoft/onnxruntime#32034),
[#​32039](microsoft/onnxruntime#32039),
[#​32076](microsoft/onnxruntime#32076),
[#​32157](microsoft/onnxruntime#32157),
[#​32160](microsoft/onnxruntime#32160),
[#​32161](microsoft/onnxruntime#32161),
[#​32345](microsoft/onnxruntime#32345),
[#​32349](microsoft/onnxruntime#32349)).
- Hardened generation and attention input handling, including
attention-attribute narrowing, `BifurcationDetector` inputs, generation
subgraph shapes, and QEmbed segment inputs. BeamSearch buffer expansion
now uses dynamic shape storage
([#​31648](microsoft/onnxruntime#31648),
[#​31701](microsoft/onnxruntime#31701),
[#​32009](microsoft/onnxruntime#32009),
[#​32078](microsoft/onnxruntime#32078),
[#​32144](microsoft/onnxruntime#32144)).
- Validated `TreeEnsemble` node references and bounded subtree
comparison, rejected non-finite CPU `RoiAlign` coordinates, and required
`ImageScaler` bias to match the channel count
([#​32031](microsoft/onnxruntime#32031),
[#​32043](microsoft/onnxruntime#32043),
[#​32011](microsoft/onnxruntime#32011),
[#​32002](microsoft/onnxruntime#32002)).
- Added an allowlist of safe LoRA adapter parameter data types,
validated `MatMulFpQ4` shape inputs, and checked MLAS blockwise
quantization/dequantization index ranges
([#​31682](microsoft/onnxruntime#31682),
[#​32032](microsoft/onnxruntime#32032),
[#​32007](microsoft/onnxruntime#32007)).

### GPU Bounds and Resource Lifetimes

- Hardened CUDA indexing and buffer-size arithmetic in `MatMulNBits`,
`RemovePadding`, `RotaryEmbedding`, `SparseAttention`, Whisper beam
search, NMS, QDQ, and `GatherElements`
([#​31643](microsoft/onnxruntime#31643),
[#​31994](microsoft/onnxruntime#31994),
[#​31995](microsoft/onnxruntime#31995),
[#​31996](microsoft/onnxruntime#31996),
[#​31998](microsoft/onnxruntime#31998),
[#​32014](microsoft/onnxruntime#32014),
[#​32029](microsoft/onnxruntime#32029),
[#​32030](microsoft/onnxruntime#32030)).
- Fixed overflow in CUDA reduction scans and Softmax offset arithmetic,
and handled zero-sized outputs in CUDA random-generator kernels
([#​32137](microsoft/onnxruntime#32137),
[#​32330](microsoft/onnxruntime#32330),
[#​31997](microsoft/onnxruntime#31997)).
- Fixed CUDA MultiHeadAttention shared-cache scratch lifetimes and kept
`CudaAsyncBuffer` staging storage alive across CUDA graph replay
([#​31968](microsoft/onnxruntime#31968),
[#​32121](microsoft/onnxruntime#32121)).
- Fixed WebGPU out-of-bounds subgroup-matrix loads for partial tiles,
zero-initialized writable device-allocator buffers, and rejected foreign
GPU handles in built-in data transfers
([#​32364](microsoft/onnxruntime#32364),
[#​32063](microsoft/onnxruntime#32063),
[#​32317](microsoft/onnxruntime#32317)).

### Dependencies and Tooling

- Upgraded Protobuf to 33.6 and refreshed Python documentation
dependencies, including an ONNX security-related update
([#​29906](microsoft/onnxruntime#29906),
[#​32190](microsoft/onnxruntime#32190),
[#​32424](microsoft/onnxruntime#32424)).
- Updated JavaScript dependencies including `js-yaml`, `joi`,
`fast-uri`, and the Next.js end-to-end fixture
([#​32397](microsoft/onnxruntime#32397),
[#​32486](microsoft/onnxruntime#32486),
[#​32488](microsoft/onnxruntime#32488),
[#​32505](microsoft/onnxruntime#32505),
[#​32508](microsoft/onnxruntime#32508)).
- Pinned GitHub Actions to full-length commit SHAs and strengthened
packaging infrastructure with authenticated package feeds and NPM
network isolation
([#​32176](microsoft/onnxruntime#32176),
[#​32005](microsoft/onnxruntime#32005),
[#​32440](microsoft/onnxruntime#32440)).

## New Features

### Core APIs & Runtime

- Added Go bindings for the ONNX Runtime C API
([#​29615](microsoft/onnxruntime#29615)).
- Extended memory importing with host-pointer support and added access
to preallocated outputs through `KernelContext::GetPreallocatedOutput`
([#​29726](microsoft/onnxruntime#29726),
[#​32089](microsoft/onnxruntime#32089)).
- Added packed-attention workspace recipes and estimates, and made
workspace input-shape handling aware of optional inputs
([#​32283](microsoft/onnxruntime#32283),
[#​32321](microsoft/onnxruntime#32321),
[#​32312](microsoft/onnxruntime#32312)).
- Added DeepSeek Engram contrib operators, `EngramGate` and
`NGramHashMapping`, and expanded kernel coverage for Qwen-3.5 operators
([#​32268](microsoft/onnxruntime#32268),
[#​32106](microsoft/onnxruntime#32106)).

### Plugin Execution Providers
 ... (truncated)

## 1.29.1

This is a patch release on top of
[v1.29.0](https://github.com/microsoft/onnxruntime/releases/tag/v1.29.0),
containing GroupQueryAttention capability and KV-cache layout
improvements, plugin Execution Provider performance tooling updates, and
targeted graph and optimizer fixes.

## GroupQueryAttention

- Added bidirectional GroupQueryAttention support on CPU and CUDA
through a backward-compatible `causal` attribute, with explicit handling
for unsupported execution paths
([#​31704](microsoft/onnxruntime#31704))
- Added a session option and Execution Provider metadata contract for
using the BNHS Value KV-cache layout, with graph transformations that
preserve compatibility with the existing BNSH operator schema
([#​32139](microsoft/onnxruntime#32139))
- Added CPU support for `attention_bias` with a sliding-window KV cache,
including explicit position IDs and post-eviction bias indexing
([#​32302](microsoft/onnxruntime#32302))

## Runtime and Performance Tools

- Fixed Compile API model serialization when output-model and custom
initializer-location callbacks are used together, preventing duplicate
graph fields in emitted models
([#​32303](microsoft/onnxruntime#32303))
- Updated `onnxruntime_perf_test` to use plugin Execution Provider
device allocators for generated inputs, loaded test data, and
pre-allocated outputs, avoiding unnecessary per-run host/device copies
([#​32244](microsoft/onnxruntime#32244))

## Bug Fixes and Documentation

- Hardened FastGelu fusion to skip malformed `Mul` and `Pow` patterns
([#​32016](microsoft/onnxruntime#32016))
- Added validation for in-memory external initializer references,
rejecting unregistered or mismatched data before graph transformation
([#​32042](microsoft/onnxruntime#32042))
- Restored the C API documentation workflow by switching the pinned
Doxygen download to the official GitHub release asset
([#​32210](microsoft/onnxruntime#32210))

## Contributors

Thanks to our 7 contributors for this release!

[@​adrastogi](https://github.com/adrastogi),
[@​apsonawane](https://github.com/apsonawane),
[@​edgchen1](https://github.com/edgchen1),
[@​javier-intel](https://github.com/javier-intel),
[@​jnagi-intel](https://github.com/jnagi-intel),
[@​tianleiwu](https://github.com/tianleiwu),
[@​Wayne-Ch](https://github.com/Wayne-Ch)

<sub>Release highlights were drafted with AI assistance and are subject
to release-team review.</sub>

Full Changelog:
[v1.29.0...v1.29.1](microsoft/onnxruntime@v1.29.0...v1.29.1)


## 1.29.0

## Announcements & Breaking Changes

- onnxruntime-web has announced the deprecation of WebGL and JSEP. The
native WebGPU EP is the recommended path going forward. See the
deprecation and migration plans for details
([#​29716](microsoft/onnxruntime#29716),
[#​31683](microsoft/onnxruntime#31683)).
- POSIX telemetry is now available on Linux, macOS, Android, and iOS
when ONNX Runtime is built with telemetry enabled. It does not change
the public ABI, WebAssembly remains telemetry-free, and setting
`ORT_DISABLE_TELEMETRY=1` before initialization disables non-Windows
telemetry for the process
([#​27379](microsoft/onnxruntime#27379),
[#​29872](microsoft/onnxruntime#29872)).
- The unused internal `onnxruntime/python/tools/tensorrt` dashboard
tooling was removed. This does not affect the TensorRT Execution
Provider APIs
([#​29395](microsoft/onnxruntime#29395)).

## Security Fixes

### Path, bounds, and input validation

- Fixed a path traversal vulnerability in TensorRT and NvTensorRTRTX
engine refitting by making external-data path validation unconditional
([#​29396](microsoft/onnxruntime#29396)).
- Validated the CPU MoE `k` attribute against the number of experts and
fixed a CPU `TensorScatter` security issue
([#​29907](microsoft/onnxruntime#29907),
[#​29916](microsoft/onnxruntime#29916)).
- Added missing rank, shape, and parameter validation for pooling, LSTM
and DynamicQuantizeLSTM, Sampling, FeatureVectorizer, SkipLayerNorm,
QLinearConv, Whisper decoding, RNN activations, GridSample, contrib
`Range`, and `CropAndResize`
([#​29254](microsoft/onnxruntime#29254),
[#​29255](microsoft/onnxruntime#29255),
[#​29265](microsoft/onnxruntime#29265),
[#​29579](microsoft/onnxruntime#29579),
[#​29595](microsoft/onnxruntime#29595),
[#​29605](microsoft/onnxruntime#29605),
[#​29871](microsoft/onnxruntime#29871),
[#​31636](microsoft/onnxruntime#31636),
[#​31671](microsoft/onnxruntime#31671),
[#​31675](microsoft/onnxruntime#31675),
[#​31676](microsoft/onnxruntime#31676),
[#​31684](microsoft/onnxruntime#31684)).
- Hardened CUDA indexing and buffer handling in GridSample, transpose,
GatherBlockQuantized, InstanceNormalization, LayerNorm/RMSNorm,
BeamSearch, DeformConv, AveragePool, and MaxPool
([#​29581](microsoft/onnxruntime#29581),
[#​29631](microsoft/onnxruntime#29631),
[#​29638](microsoft/onnxruntime#29638),
[#​31640](microsoft/onnxruntime#31640),
[#​31642](microsoft/onnxruntime#31642),
[#​31644](microsoft/onnxruntime#31644),
[#​31645](microsoft/onnxruntime#31645),
[#​31647](microsoft/onnxruntime#31647),
[#​31650](microsoft/onnxruntime#31650)).
- Fixed packed sub-byte tensor over-copying in `OrtApi::GetValue` and
validated DML constant tensor byte sizes
([#​29157](microsoft/onnxruntime#29157),
[#​31665](microsoft/onnxruntime#31665)).

### Supply chain and tooling

- Updated npm lockfiles, refreshed the Next.js end-to-end fixture
lockfile for security advisories, and upgraded `adm-zip` for
`onnxruntime-node`
([#​29827](microsoft/onnxruntime#29827),
[#​29926](microsoft/onnxruntime#29926),
[#​31192](microsoft/onnxruntime#31192)).

## New Features

### Core APIs & Runtime

- Default intra-op and inter-op thread-pool sizes can now be set with
`ORT_INTRA_OP_NUM_THREADS` and `ORT_INTER_OP_NUM_THREADS`. Explicit
thread settings still take precedence, and `0` preserves machine-sized
defaults
([#​29688](microsoft/onnxruntime#29688)).
- Added weightless-model support for all initializer types, allowed
zero-input `EpContext` nodes, and wired maximum-shape inference into
workspace estimation
([#​29607](microsoft/onnxruntime#29607),
[#​29799](microsoft/onnxruntime#29799),
[#​31613](microsoft/onnxruntime#31613)).
- Added ONNX-domain support for rotary embedding and a fused
`MRotaryEmbedding` contrib operator for Qwen mRoPE variants
([#​29261](microsoft/onnxruntime#29261),
[#​31728](microsoft/onnxruntime#31728)).
- Added multi-shape profiling to `onnxruntime_perf_test` through
`--data_shape`, plus verbose graph-transformer tracing and broader
inference-session error-path coverage
([#​29555](microsoft/onnxruntime#29555),
[#​29558](microsoft/onnxruntime#29558),
[#​29569](microsoft/onnxruntime#29569),
[#​29571](microsoft/onnxruntime#29571)).

### Execution Provider ABI & Plugin EPs

- WebGPU now supports device-free compile-only sessions for offline
graph transformation
([#​29681](microsoft/onnxruntime#29681)).
- Expanded CUDA plugin EP packaging and testing, including Windows ARM64
package and size options, updated package outputs, and aligned
architecture selections across Python, C API, TensorRT, Node.js, and
plugin packages
([#​31635](microsoft/onnxruntime#31635),
[#​31722](microsoft/onnxruntime#31722),
[#​31992](microsoft/onnxruntime#31992)).
- Improved plugin lifecycle handling by unloading failed EP library
loads and fixing allocator-deleter lifetime
([#​29634](microsoft/onnxruntime#29634),
[#​29770](microsoft/onnxruntime#29770)).

## Execution Provider Updates

### NVIDIA CUDA EP

#### Attention and decoding

- Added `PagedAttention` with quantized KV cache, XQA decode, MLA,
QK-Norm, and head-sink support
([#​29912](microsoft/onnxruntime#29912)).
- Extended quantized KV-cache support with attention sinks, independent
and per-channel scales, sliding-window cache support, and a fused K/V
dequantization launch
([#​29900](microsoft/onnxruntime#29900),
[#​29904](microsoft/onnxruntime#29904),
[#​31480](microsoft/onnxruntime#31480)).
- Added a cuDNN SDPA decode tier to the standard ONNX `Attention` CUDA
kernel and enabled cuDNN SDPA for contrib `Attention`
([#​29715](microsoft/onnxruntime#29715),
[#​29717](microsoft/onnxruntime#29717)).
- Added `attention_bias` support to the GroupQueryAttention unfused path
and `state_window` support to LinearAttention and CausalConvWithState
for MTP ([#​29525](microsoft/onnxruntime#29525),
[#​31157](microsoft/onnxruntime#31157)).
- Fixed LinearAttention on GPUs with limited shared memory
([#​31982](microsoft/onnxruntime#31982)).

#### MoE and quantized GEMM

- Added NVFP4 QMoE, including native FP4xFP4 prefill on SM120, faster
decode GEMV, fused routing/finalization paths, and reduced activation
and weight-dequantization overhead
([#​29697](microsoft/onnxruntime#29697),
[#​29824](microsoft/onnxruntime#29824),
[#​29887](microsoft/onnxruntime#29887),
[#​29919](microsoft/onnxruntime#29919),
[#​31156](microsoft/onnxruntime#31156),
[#​31159](microsoft/onnxruntime#31159),
[#​31349](microsoft/onnxruntime#31349),
[#​31479](microsoft/onnxruntime#31479)).
 ... (truncated)

## 1.28.2

This is a patch release on top of
[v1.28.1](https://github.com/microsoft/onnxruntime/releases/tag/v1.28.1),
containing a targeted fix for Compile API model serialization.

## Highlights

### Bug Fixes

- Fixed Compile API callback serialization to prevent duplicate graph
nodes, inputs, outputs, and value information in emitted optimized
models, including models with embedded or external initializers
([#​32303](microsoft/onnxruntime#32303))

## Contributors

Thanks to our contributor for this release!

[@​adrastogi](https://github.com/adrastogi)

Full Changelog:
[v1.28.1...v1.28.2](microsoft/onnxruntime@v1.28.1...v1.28.2)

> These release notes were drafted with assistance from GitHub Copilot.


## 1.28.1

This is a patch release on top of
[v1.28.0](https://github.com/microsoft/onnxruntime/releases/tag/v1.28.0),
containing support for device-free WebGPU compilation, improved
compatibility with sandboxed Windows processes, and targeted
graph-validation fixes.

## WebGPU EP

- Added support for device-free compile-only sessions, enabling offline
graph transformation and optimized-model serialization without access to
GPU hardware
([#​29681](microsoft/onnxruntime#29681))

## Bug Fixes

- Prevented an access violation in Windows processes under Win32k
lockdown by skipping DXGI device discovery
([#​29755](microsoft/onnxruntime#29755))
- Allowed zero-input `EPContext` nodes, aligning their schema with
support for compiling zero-input models
([#​29799](microsoft/onnxruntime#29799))
- Hardened FastGelu fusion to skip malformed `Mul` and `Pow` patterns
([#​32016](microsoft/onnxruntime#32016))
- Added validation for in-memory external initializer references,
rejecting unregistered or mismatched data before graph transformation
([#​32042](microsoft/onnxruntime#32042))

## Contributors

Thanks to our 4 contributors for this release!

[@​apsonawane](https://github.com/apsonawane),
[@​shiyi9801](https://github.com/shiyi9801),
[@​adrastogi](https://github.com/adrastogi),
[@​mingmingtasd](https://github.com/mingmingtasd)

Full Changelog:
[v1.28.0...v1.28.1](microsoft/onnxruntime@v1.28.0...v1.28.1)

## 1.28.0

## Announcements & Breaking Changes

- Upgraded to **ONNX 1.22.0** and protobuf 6.33.5
([#​28754](microsoft/onnxruntime#28754),
[#​29606](microsoft/onnxruntime#29606),
[#​28967](microsoft/onnxruntime#28967)). Graph
optimizer opset version checks were updated accordingly
([#​28966](microsoft/onnxruntime#28966)).
- **cuDNN and cuFFT are now optional at runtime** for the CUDA EP, and
`nvrtc` is no longer linked, which significantly reduces the required
CUDA redistributable footprint
([#​29252](microsoft/onnxruntime#29252),
[#​29808](microsoft/onnxruntime#29808),
[#​29705](microsoft/onnxruntime#29705),
[#​29620](microsoft/onnxruntime#29620)).
- An **experimental C/C++ API surface** was introduced.
`OrtModelPackageApi` now lives in the experimental C API and may change
in future releases
([#​28746](microsoft/onnxruntime#28746),
[#​29142](microsoft/onnxruntime#29142),
[#​28990](microsoft/onnxruntime#28990)).
- **Deprecated / removed:**
- SkipLayerNorm strict mode is deprecated
([#​29388](microsoft/onnxruntime#29388)).
- The TensorRT fused causal attention kernels were removed from the CUDA
EP ([#​29143](microsoft/onnxruntime#29143)).
- The dynamic WGSL generator (duktape/Node) path was removed in favor of
the Python `wgsl-gen` implementation
([#​29141](microsoft/onnxruntime#29141),
[#​28355](microsoft/onnxruntime#28355)).
- `CUDA_QUANT_PREPROCESS` is off by default
([#​29687](microsoft/onnxruntime#29687)).
- NPM packages are now published from the CUDA 13 pipeline
([#​28773](microsoft/onnxruntime#28773)).
- The CUDA 12.8 package architecture list was refreshed for this release
([#​29711](microsoft/onnxruntime#29711)).

## Security Fixes

### Memory safety & input validation

- Hardened the ORT FlatBuffer model loader against malformed buffers,
and removed now-redundant table offset validation
([#​28186](microsoft/onnxruntime#28186),
[#​29068](microsoft/onnxruntime#29068))
- Fixed type confusion in raw-pointer `bind_input` causing an
out-of-bounds write
([#​28839](microsoft/onnxruntime#28839))
- Fixed out-of-bounds pointer in `TensorAt` for sub-byte packed types
([#​28973](microsoft/onnxruntime#28973))
- Fixed arbitrary memory read, out-of-bounds dereference, and other OOB
accesses in kernels
([#​28991](microsoft/onnxruntime#28991),
[#​29011](microsoft/onnxruntime#29011),
[#​29012](microsoft/onnxruntime#29012),
[#​29014](microsoft/onnxruntime#29014))
- Validated `Col2Im` inputs to prevent heap over-read
([#​28706](microsoft/onnxruntime#28706))
- Hardened `CropAndResize` against malformed `crop_size` tensors
([#​28766](microsoft/onnxruntime#28766))
- Validated `BeamSearch` `vocab_size` against logits width
([#​28774](microsoft/onnxruntime#28774))
- Fixed bounds in `WhisperDecoderSubgraph::CreateInitialFeeds`
([#​29239](microsoft/onnxruntime#29239))
- Validated `SparseAttention` CSR indices/key lengths and rejected
zero-dimension `block_row_indices`
([#​29015](microsoft/onnxruntime#29015),
[#​29242](microsoft/onnxruntime#29242))
- Clamped derived sequence lengths and KV-cache index in CUDA
GroupQueryAttention, and fixed a CPU GQA out-of-bounds read in the
past-KV buffer
([#​29240](microsoft/onnxruntime#29240),
[#​29447](microsoft/onnxruntime#29447))
- Clamped 1D attention `mask_index` to valid bounds
([#​29449](microsoft/onnxruntime#29449))
- Validated `MaxpoolWithMask` kernel rank against input spatial rank
([#​29253](microsoft/onnxruntime#29253))
- Rejected CUDA BERT `EmbedLayerNorm`/`SkipLayerNorm` shapes exceeding
32-bit output indexing
([#​29264](microsoft/onnxruntime#29264))
- Fixed the optional-output guard in
`DecoderAttention`/`MultiHeadAttention` shape inference and
negative-axis handling in `ExpandDims` shape inference
([#​29268](microsoft/onnxruntime#29268),
[#​29448](microsoft/onnxruntime#29448))
- Fixed `TreeEnsemble` target id validation and added input validation
to `LinearClassifier`
([#​29293](microsoft/onnxruntime#29293),
[#​29060](microsoft/onnxruntime#29060))
- Fixed `DynamicQuantizeLSTM` zero-point/scale validation typos
([#​29462](microsoft/onnxruntime#29462))
- Handled non-trivially-copyable types in `Loop`/`Scan` output
concatenation
([#​29397](microsoft/onnxruntime#29397))
- Normalized bool tensor `raw_data` to `{0, 1}` on unpack
([#​29238](microsoft/onnxruntime#29238))
- Addressed hardening gaps in `Resize`, `PadFusion`, and LoRA handling
([#​28779](microsoft/onnxruntime#28779),
[#​28780](microsoft/onnxruntime#28780),
[#​28801](microsoft/onnxruntime#28801))
- Fixed unbounded lifetime on `WithOutputTensor` in the Rust bindings
([#​29251](microsoft/onnxruntime#29251))

### Integer overflow & allocation size

- Guarded `MlasConvPrepare` working-buffer products and `ConvTranspose`
pad computation with SafeInt
([#​29444](microsoft/onnxruntime#29444),
[#​29446](microsoft/onnxruntime#29446))
- Fixed signed-int overflow in `SamplingState::Init` that could cause a
heap buffer overflow
([#​29443](microsoft/onnxruntime#29443))
- Hardened QMoE against integer overflow and partial K tiles
([#​29067](microsoft/onnxruntime#29067))
- Validated `B`/scales/zero-points shape in `MatMulNBits::PrePack`
([#​29445](microsoft/onnxruntime#29445))
- Pre-checked `ConstantOfShape` output size against the input
initializer before constant folding
([#​28751](microsoft/onnxruntime#28751))
- Fixed integer overflow in RKNPU implicit bias allocation
([#​29249](microsoft/onnxruntime#29249))
- Fixed WebGPU out-of-bounds reads in `Pad` (int64/int32 truncation),
`Slice`, and `GatherBlockQuantized`
([#​28721](microsoft/onnxruntime#28721),
[#​28704](microsoft/onnxruntime#28704),
[#​28718](microsoft/onnxruntime#28718))

### Supply chain & tooling

 ... (truncated)

## 1.27.1

This is a patch release on top of
[v1.27.0](https://github.com/microsoft/onnxruntime/releases/tag/v1.27.0),
containing targeted bug fixes, a CUDA QMoE decode-path optimization, and
CI/build infrastructure fixes.

## Bug Fixes

- [MLAS] Fixed an `igemm` regression in the KleidiAI path
([#​28571](microsoft/onnxruntime#28571))
- Fixed a QMoE CPU livelock by eliminating nested intra-op parallelism
([#​29081](microsoft/onnxruntime#29081))
- Fixed a regression in graph-capture session initialization that
rejected an empty graph
([#​29457](microsoft/onnxruntime#29457))
- Fixed CustomOp forward compatibility by capping the version instead of
rejecting it
([#​29574](microsoft/onnxruntime#29574))

## Performance

### NVIDIA CUDA EP

- Added a QMoE GEMV fast path for batch-1 decode
([#​29038](microsoft/onnxruntime#29038))

## CI & Build Infrastructure

- Fixed an incorrect identity for `azcopy`
([#​29274](microsoft/onnxruntime#29274))
- Fixed a `brew install applesimutils` failure by trusting the wix/brew
tap ([#​29450](microsoft/onnxruntime#29450))
- Upgraded to Xcode 26
([#​29468](microsoft/onnxruntime#29468))
- Stopped echoing the command when setting a VSO variable in
`mac-cpu-packing-jobs.yml`
([#​29575](microsoft/onnxruntime#29575))
- Fixed the web e2e (npm/vite) and Python DML CI pipelines
([#​29609](microsoft/onnxruntime#29609))

## Contributors

Thanks to our 8 contributors for this release!

[@​tianleiwu](https://github.com/tianleiwu),
[@​chilo-ms](https://github.com/chilo-ms),
[@​edgchen1](https://github.com/edgchen1),
[@​adrastogi](https://github.com/adrastogi),
[@​damdoo01-arm](https://github.com/damdoo01-arm),
[@​JonathanC-ARM](https://github.com/JonathanC-ARM),
[@​martin-klacer-arm](https://github.com/martin-klacer-arm),
[@​sanaa-hamel-microsoft](https://github.com/sanaa-hamel-microsoft)

Full Changelog:
[v1.27.0...v1.27.1](microsoft/onnxruntime@v1.27.0...v1.27.1)

## 1.27.0

n.b. This release is targeting ONNX 1.21. ONNX 1.22 will be supported in
ORT 1.28.
n.b. This changelog was generated via LLM. Only the contributor list has
been verified. As always, only trust the commit history.

## Announcements & Breaking Changes

* CUDA 12 package files are now explicitly named as such.
* CUDA 12 packages are deprecated, please move to CUDA 13 ASAP.

---

## Security Fixes

* Fixed out-of-bounds read in `SoftmaxCrossEntropyLoss` via label bounds
validation
([#​28004](microsoft/onnxruntime#28004))
* Hardened `OneHot` input validation and output-size computation
([#​28014](microsoft/onnxruntime#28014))
* Added SafeInt overflow protection in `Expand` and capped
constant-folding output sizes
([#​28055](microsoft/onnxruntime#28055))
* Bounded total output allocation size in `Tile` kernel
([#​28070](microsoft/onnxruntime#28070))
* Added mask/input shape consistency checks in
`MaxpoolWithMask::Compute`
([#​28223](microsoft/onnxruntime#28223))
* Fixed `BitShift` UB for shift amounts greater than or equal to bit
width ([#​28272](microsoft/onnxruntime#28272))
* Validated sequence bounds in GQA (`seqlens_k` vs `cos_cache`)
([#​28277](microsoft/onnxruntime#28277))
* Validated conv bias shape in `WordConvEmbedding` to prevent OOB reads
([#​28279](microsoft/onnxruntime#28279))
* Fixed int32 overflow in CUDA Cast and UnaryElementWise kernels for
very large tensors
([#​28386](microsoft/onnxruntime#28386))
* Fixed out-of-bounds read in `CropBase` scale handling
([#​28399](microsoft/onnxruntime#28399))
* Fixed rank-underflow bug in Inverse kernel trailing-dimension indexing
([#​28400](microsoft/onnxruntime#28400))
* Added sparse tensor external file path validation and additional
external-path hardening
([#​28408](microsoft/onnxruntime#28408),
[#​28709](microsoft/onnxruntime#28709),
[#​28725](microsoft/onnxruntime#28725))
* Switched remaining `torch.load()` calls to `weights_only=True`
([#​28421](microsoft/onnxruntime#28421))
* Added CPU cache-indirection beam-index validation
([#​28486](microsoft/onnxruntime#28486))
* Added additional overflow/bounds checks and test coverage in runtime
buffers ([#​28713](microsoft/onnxruntime#28713),
[#​28747](microsoft/onnxruntime#28747))

---

## New Features

### Execution Provider Plugin API

* Added zero-copy I/O for plugin EPs with HOST_ACCESSIBLE memory
([#​28037](microsoft/onnxruntime#28037))
* Added `OrtEp::OnSessionInitializationEnd()` callback
([#​28319](microsoft/onnxruntime#28319))
* Added plugin EP session-options getters
([#​28377](microsoft/onnxruntime#28377))
* Added CUDA Plugin EP provider options for streams and external
allocators
([#​28603](microsoft/onnxruntime#28603))

### Core APIs & Runtime

* Added support for ONNX overloaded functions (IR v10+)
([#​28275](microsoft/onnxruntime#28275))
* Added FLOAT8E8M0 datatype support in ONNX Runtime
([#​28381](microsoft/onnxruntime#28381))
* Added CPU Cast support for FLOAT8E8M0
([#​28435](microsoft/onnxruntime#28435))
* Added `kOrtEpDevice_EpMetadataKey_OSDriverVersion` example and docs
([#​28282](microsoft/onnxruntime#28282))

### Quantization & Training Tooling

* Added calibration cache support to `quantize_static`
([#​28221](microsoft/onnxruntime#28221))
* Added `ActivationRestrictedAsymmetric` quantization option
([#​28237](microsoft/onnxruntime#28237))
 ... (truncated)

## 1.26.0

n.b. The following was generated via LLM from Git history. Only the
contributor list has been verified.

## Announcement - Breaking Changes

- **Support for CUDA 12 will be removed in 1.27.0.**
- CUDA 13 will continue to be published as
`onnxruntime-<os>-<arch>-gpu_cuda13-<version>.<ext>`
- CUDA runtime will be moving soon to a dedicated Execution Provider
(EP) instead of a published package from ORT core.

## Highlights

- Added optional memory mapping for `.ort` model loads
([#​28164](microsoft/onnxruntime#28164)).
- Added RISC-V Vector (RVV) support for CPU EP
([#​28261](microsoft/onnxruntime#28261)).
- OpenVINO EP upgraded for 1.26.0 development release
([#​28297](microsoft/onnxruntime#28297)).
- WebGPU gained GridSample support
([#​28264](microsoft/onnxruntime#28264)) and
Split-K improvements
([#​28151](microsoft/onnxruntime#28151)).
- CUDA plugin EP gained graph support
([#​28002](microsoft/onnxruntime#28002)),
profiling API
([#​28216](microsoft/onnxruntime#28216)).

## Security and Reliability Hardening

- Replaced unrestricted Python `setattr` configuration with an allowlist
([#​28083](microsoft/onnxruntime#28083)).
- Hardened multiple OOB and overflow scenarios across ML and core ops:
- Attention mask index OOB write
([#​27789](microsoft/onnxruntime#27789)).
- MaxPoolGrad indices bounds validation
([#​27903](microsoft/onnxruntime#27903)).
- SVM and TreeEnsemble bounds/security fixes
([#​27950](microsoft/onnxruntime#27950),
[#​27951](microsoft/onnxruntime#27951),
[#​27952](microsoft/onnxruntime#27952),
[#​27989](microsoft/onnxruntime#27989)).
- RNN sequence_lens OOB read and integer overflow handling
([#​28052](microsoft/onnxruntime#28052),
[#​28003](microsoft/onnxruntime#28003)).
- GroupQueryAttention seqlens_k bounds validation and compatibility
follow-up
([#​28031](microsoft/onnxruntime#28031),
[#​28259](microsoft/onnxruntime#28259)).
- MatMulBnb4 and ML coefficient SafeInt checks
([#​27995](microsoft/onnxruntime#27995),
[#​28001](microsoft/onnxruntime#28001)).
- CUDA Gather int32 overflow fix
([#​28108](microsoft/onnxruntime#28108)).
- GridSample float->int64 cast hardening for NaN/Inf/out-of-range coords
([#​28302](microsoft/onnxruntime#28302)).
- Fixed session logger use-after-free during EP teardown under verbose
logging
([#​28274](microsoft/onnxruntime#28274)).

## CUDA, Attention, and MLAS

- Filled CUDA opset/operator gaps and extended support:
- Transpose opset 23 -> 25
([#​27740](microsoft/onnxruntime#27740)).
- QuantizeLinear/DequantizeLinear opset 25
([#​28046](microsoft/onnxruntime#28046)).
- CUDA TopK INT8/INT16/UINT8 support
([#​27862](microsoft/onnxruntime#27862)).
- LabelEncoder CUDA support for numeric types
([#​28045](microsoft/onnxruntime#28045)).
- Attention/GQA improvements:
- Fixed ONNX Attention min-bias alignment crash on SM<80 and
masked-batch NaN behavior
([#​27831](microsoft/onnxruntime#27831)).
- Added FP32 QK accumulation path for unfused GQA attention
([#​28198](microsoft/onnxruntime#28198)).
- Added CUDART_VERSION reduction compatibility in GQA attention
([#​28296](microsoft/onnxruntime#28296)).
- Fixed CUDA 13 build error in GQA unfused attention
([#​28309](microsoft/onnxruntime#28309)).
- PagedAttention fallback for SM<80 fp16
([#​28200](microsoft/onnxruntime#28200)).
- MLAS updates:
- FP16 Gelu enablement
([#​26815](microsoft/onnxruntime#26815)).
- Arm64 BF16 fast-math conv kernels for NCHW/NCHWc paths
([#​27878](microsoft/onnxruntime#27878)).

## WebGPU, WebNN, and JavaScript

- WebGPU feature and correctness updates:
 ... (truncated)

## 1.25.1

n.b. This changelog is LLM generated. Only the contributor listing has
been verified.

# ONNX Runtime Release 1.25.1

## 📢 Announcements & Breaking Changes

### ONNX Op Updates

* **Enhanced ONNX operator support** with new opset versions: Reshape
(opset 25), Transpose (opset 24)
([#​27752](microsoft/onnxruntime#27752))

---

## ✨ New Features

### 📊 New ONNX Ops & Model Support

* **LinearAttention and CausalConvState operators** for Qwen3.5 model
support ([#​27907](microsoft/onnxruntime#27907))
* **RotaryEmbedding (RotEMB) and RMSNorm operators** added
([#​27752](microsoft/onnxruntime#27752))
* **Linear Attention signature** support
([#​27842](microsoft/onnxruntime#27842))

---

## 🌐 Web & JavaScript

### WebGPU EP

* **Qwen3.5 model support** on WebGPU execution provider
([#​27996](microsoft/onnxruntime#27996))
* **QMoE 1-token decode path optimization** — fused operations to reduce
GPU dispatches for improved performance
([#​27998](microsoft/onnxruntime#27998))

---

## 🐛 Bug Fixes

### Core Runtime Fixes

* **Improved filesystem error messages** during Linux device discovery
for better debugging experience
([#​27289](microsoft/onnxruntime#27289))
* Fixed missing include for `SetRawDataInTensorProto` in NVIDIA TensorRT
RTX tests
([#​28065](microsoft/onnxruntime#28065))

---

## 🙏 Contributors

Thanks to our **7 contributors** for this release:
[@​guschmue](https://github.com/guschmue),
[@​sanaa-hamel-microsoft](https://github.com/sanaa-hamel-microsoft),
[@​apsonawane](https://github.com/apsonawane),
[@​eserscor](https://github.com/eserscor),
[@​ishwar-raut1](https://github.com/ishwar-raut1),
[@​qjia7](https://github.com/qjia7),
[@​theHamsta](https://github.com/theHamsta)

**Full Changelog**:
microsoft/onnxruntime@v1.25.0...v1.25.1

## 1.25.0

## 📢 Announcements & Breaking Changes

### Build & Platform

* **C++20 is now required** to build ONNX Runtime from source. Minimum
toolchains: MSVC 19.29+, GCC 10+, Clang 10+. Users of prebuilt packages
are unaffected.
([#​27178](microsoft/onnxruntime#27178))
* **CUDA minimum version raised to 12.0** — CUDA 11.x is no longer
supported. Users pinned to CUDA 11.x should stay on ORT 1.24.x or
upgrade their CUDA toolkit/driver.
([#​27570](microsoft/onnxruntime#27570))
* **ONNX upgraded to 1.21.0**
([#​27601](microsoft/onnxruntime#27601))
* **sympy is now an optional dependency** for Python builds.
([#​27200](microsoft/onnxruntime#27200))

### Execution Provider Changes

* **ArmNN EP has been removed.** Users should remove any `--use_armnn`
build flags and migrate to the MLAS/KleidiAI-backed CPU EP or QNN EP for
Qualcomm hardware.
([#​27447](microsoft/onnxruntime#27447))

### API Version

* **ORT_API_VERSION** updated to **25**.
([#​27280](microsoft/onnxruntime#27280))

---

## 🔒 Security Fixes

* Fixed **potential integer truncation leading to heap out-of-bounds
read/write**
([#​27544](microsoft/onnxruntime#27544))
* Addressed **Pad Reflect vulnerability**
([#​27652](microsoft/onnxruntime#27652))
* **Security fix for transpose optimizer**
([#​27555](microsoft/onnxruntime#27555))
* Upgraded minimatch 3.1.2 → 3.1.4 for **CVE-2026-27904**
([#​27667](microsoft/onnxruntime#27667))
* Hardened shell command handling for constant strings
([#​27840](microsoft/onnxruntime#27840))
* Added validation of `onnx::TensorProto` data size before allocation
([#​27547](microsoft/onnxruntime#27547))
* Cleaned up external data path validation
([#​27539](microsoft/onnxruntime#27539))
* Fixed misaligned address reads for tensor attributes from raw data
buffers ([#​27312](microsoft/onnxruntime#27312))
* Fixed **CPU Attention overflow** issue
([#​27822](microsoft/onnxruntime#27822))
* Fixed **CPU LRN integer overflow** issues
([#​27886](microsoft/onnxruntime#27886))
*   Additional input validation hardening:
* Tile kernel dim overflow
([#​27566](microsoft/onnxruntime#27566))
* Out-of-bounds read in cross entropy
([#​27568](microsoft/onnxruntime#27568))
* TreeEnsembleClassifier attributes
([#​27571](microsoft/onnxruntime#27571))
* AffineGrid
([#​27572](microsoft/onnxruntime#27572))
* EmbedLayerNorm position_ids
([#​27573](microsoft/onnxruntime#27573))
* RotaryEmbedding position_ids
([#​27597](microsoft/onnxruntime#27597))
* RoiAlign batch_indices
([#​27603](microsoft/onnxruntime#27603))
* MaxUnpool indices
([#​27432](microsoft/onnxruntime#27432))
* QMoECPU swiglu OOB
([#​27748](microsoft/onnxruntime#27748))
* SVMClassifier initializer
([#​27699](microsoft/onnxruntime#27699))
* Col2Im SafeInt
([#​27625](microsoft/onnxruntime#27625))

---

## ✨ New Features

### 🔌 Execution Provider Plugin API & CUDA Plugin EP

 ... (truncated)

Commits viewable in [compare
view](microsoft/onnxruntime@v1.24.4...v1.30.0).
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